This study looks at online advertising found on IPR infringing websites and mobile apps during 2021, evaluates the estimated amount and type of such advertising, and estimates the related ad revenues.

The worldwide revenue generated by the monitored websites is estimated at EUR 912.7 million, while the worldwide revenue generated by the monitored apps is EUR 57.1 million.

These figures underline that websites and apps that infringe IPR do not only derive revenue from their infringing activities, but also from advertising by legitimate brands placed on such platforms unwittingly, which is partly a result of the complex internet advertising ecosystem.

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